Abdur Rahim Harmachi
Chief Economics Correspondent

 In a rare instance, the government has repaid more loan than that it borrowed from the banking system in the first two months of the current financial year.

According to the data collected from the Bangladesh Bank's research wing, the government's borrowing from banks dropped to Tk 918.4051 billion on Sep 2 from Tk 923.1596 billion on Jun 30, the last day of the previous fiscal.

The data shows the government repaid Tk 4.7545 billion more than that it borrowed in the two months.

Economists said drop in fuel prices in the global market and implementation of fewer number of development projects eased the pressure on the government to borrow from the banks.

Finance Minister Abul Maal Abdul Muhith attributed government's less dependence on the bank borrowing to better revenue collection situation.

Before leaving for China to join the World Economic Forum meeting, he said on Saturday: "The revenue collection situation is very good. That's why the government does not need to borrow from banks to foot the bill."

He hoped borrowing from the banks in the 2012-13 financial year would not exceed the Tk 230-billion target made in the national budget.

The data suggests the government took Tk 3.3845 billion in the first two months (July 1 to Aug 29) of the current FY.

At the end of the previous 2011-12 FY, the borrowing had reached Tk 291.15 billion though that year's budget had pegged the borrowing at Tk 189.57 billion.

Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS) Research Director Zaid Bakht said the government's lesser dependence on the bank borrowing would have positive impact on the economy.

He said: "Credit flow to the private sector will increase as the government is taking less quantity of loan from the banking sector. It will have positive impact on the industrial sector and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP)."

Bakht put the drop in the borrowing on the fall in fuel prices in the international market, which has dropped to $100 a barrel this time from $110 a year before.

"Last year the Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation had to spend a lot. But this year, their expenditure has decreased. That's why the government needs to borrow less."

Bakht further said the better rate of revenue collection and implementation of fewer number of development projects at the beginning of the FY had kept the borrowing pressure on the government low.

News: bdnews24.com

Mamun Rashid

I have high regards for Dr. Mirza Azizul Islam. He is not only a very good macroeconomist of our country, I also consider him as one of the few but very successful finance ministers of Bangladesh. I was very embarrassed, when this illustrious person came to my room to know -- 1) what actually went wrong with Hallmark loan? 2) Who is responsible for this scam? And, more importantly, 3) what we need to do avoid such surprises in future?

Despite being a bank executive for 26 years and having managed corporate and institutional loans, corporate risk analysis, portfolio review as well as audits at home and abroad, I decided to exercise caution while answering his questions, because the questioner was none but Mirza Aziz.

With all humility, I thought the main culprits in this case were -- a) the way we handle inland bill purchase or local bill discounting in the commercial banks and report those to the supervisory authority, b) the way we analyse and approve corporate or institutional risk, especially in the state-owned commercial banks, c) failure of the senior management of the bank to manage and command large client exposures, d) boards' ignorance or absence of oversight of the statement of affairs in the bank, e) absence of regular audit, f) lack of internal control and compliance; and most importantly g) absence of a process guide or transaction guidelines with regard to transaction processing, security and collateral review, transaction reporting and overall trial checks in the bank.

Any newspaper readers or television viewers can tell now -- there were pressure from the political masters or, may be, from the board, nexus or unholy alliance between senior managers of the bank and the client, lack of supervision from the head office of the bank, arrogance or corruption of the branch manager, inexperience or lack of focus of the board, tension between central bank and the ministry of finance and weak governance or risk management in the state owned commercial banks. Bangladesh Bank wanted to shy away from taking the responsibility claiming that the state-owned banks are managed and monitored by ministry of finance.

I did also tell him, why and where I had not agree with the suggestions put forward by some of our former central bank seniors or didn't like the abrupt decision taken by Bangladesh Bank to reconstitute the board of Sonali Bank. I thought most important issue here was -- to protect or safeguard the Sonali Bank from a large loan loss, if not the largest in the history. For doing that what my more than two decades' 'risk management' experience tells me is that -- we needed to move fast to -- 1) review the existing security and collateral arrangement, 2) improve the security and collateral arrangement by taking more 'hard collateral' like land property or creating lien on the clients fixed deposits or 'quasi cash' held with other banks or institutions, 3) enter into a new repayment agreement with the client covering the entire exposure and 4) making sure, the client has an operating model in place to run the business. No matter what happens, reconstituting the board or going for legal action against the client should not get priority attention at this moment. I think, most of the stakeholders are being driven by 'heart, rather than 'head'.

Yes, media played the role, as expected. If we could create the 'mess', why won't media report this? In fact they did a good job in this regard, with a few reporters putting up fantastic reports without even attending any course on bank management or accounting or law. However, regulatory or supervisory agencies were supposed to keep their 'cool', in order to handle the affair dispassionately. It was very sad, where we found out 'the functional audit report' was made available to the media by the 'top man' of the watchdog agency on the same day it was received by the very agency. May be 'the person' or the regulator was totally hyped up to 'protect' their image or institutional integrity. Lately, it is being discussed in the corridors of the banks, sending any confidential report to the central bank is almost like launching a product through press conference. I wanted to humbly ask them the questions -- 1) why did they didn't come up with any guideline on 'bill discounting' even after many years of the much talked about 'Omprakash Agarwarl' case? State-owned banks may be owned by ministry of finance, but why did not the central bank supervise or monitor them well? And 3) why have we never heard any comment from them on the appointment of senior managers in the state owned banks?

I do agree with a few former central bank seniors about the need for, 1) putting up a single selection or promotion committee in the central bank for the positions of deputy general managers and general manager, 2) making Bangladesh Bank clearly responsible for banking sector supervision irrespective of the ownership of banks, 3) appointing people in senior management positions of public sector banks by the ministry of finance in consultation with the Bangladesh Bank, 4) ensuring autonomy of the central bank and 5) dismantling the bank and financial institution division at ministry of finance. However, I would also remind them of the following: 1) extension of the tenure of the central bank governor may not at all help the situation, we rather need to refocus on the procedure followed for the selection of the seniors at the `watch dog' agency, make sure the central bank board is accountable with a clear terms of reference and 2) the entire board of the state owned bank must be manned by professionals, having clear visibility about the business more importantly banking affairs with total ownership of the banks' activities.

I also told my favourite person that change of the top management or even board will not, I repeat will not, serve the ultimate purpose of streamlining our banking sector, unless we change the way- a) how we manage credit risk, market risk and operational risk in the banking sector, b) how we reward and punish the 'right' and the 'wrong' people in the bank, c) how we manage and supervise the 'large exposures or relationship' and d) how we create and manage the 'management information' or 'MIS' in the banks. I am more than sure there are more 'Hallmark' like scams have remained hidden in our banks. Some of those started emerging in the process. We need a complete 'overhauling' of the system and make 'reform' or 'restructure' a part of our management culture. Our development partners have been committed in the past; I know for sure they will be helping us in future too, provided we maintain 'transparency' in the execution process. We need a responsible and inclusive banking sector, in order to write the 'cheque' for a better economic future and make the transition smooth.

(Mamun Rashid is a banker and economic analyst. E-mail: mrashid1961@gmail.com)

News: The Daily Financial Express/Bangladesh/11-Sep-12

The central bank is going to start special inspection in 152 foreign exchange branches of commercial banks soon to find out irregularities, if there is any, relating to purchase of inland bills, officials said Monday.

"We're now making preparations to launch inspection by the end of this month," a top central banker told the FE, adding that the Bangladesh Bank (BB) has taken the latest measure as part of its ongoing efforts to mitigate the risk of fraud and forgeries in the country's banking sector.

The central bank has selected 152 out 858 foreign exchange branches, officially known as authorised dealer (AD) branches, considering different indicators including their exposure to accepted bills and inland bill purchase (IBP) in both foreign and local currencies.

A meeting was held in this connection at the central bank Monday with Executive Director of the BB Ebtadul Islam in the chair, the central bank officials said.

"We've discussed the terms of reference of the inspection teams, which will probe into irregularities, if detected, in the AD branches," another BB official said after the meeting.

He also said inspection teams will be formed comprising the officials from two Departments of Banking Inspection (DBIs), Department of Financial Integrity and Customer Services (DFICS) and Foreign Exchange Inspection and Vigilance Department of the BB.

"We'll finalise the terms of reference of the inspection team soon," the BB official noted.

Besides, the central bank will form a 50-member Anti-Fraud Vigilance Squad shortly aiming to check the risk of fraud and forgeries.

The central bank has taken the latest measures against the backdrop of rising trend of large-scale irregularities in purchasing and providing acceptance of the bills against local LC (letter of credit)-denominated foreign currency by different bank braches in the recent months.

Hallmark Group, along with a few other business entities, has allegedly swindled funds worth Tk 35.47 billion from the Sonali Bank Limited involving 57 branches of 27 commercial banks using the accommodation bill against back-to-back LCs ignoring banking rules and regulations, according to the central bankers.

An accommodation bill of exchange is a bill of exchange which has been drawn for the mutual financial accommodation of the parties involved. Generally it is drawn not for the value received.

In order to oblige friends, many times bills are drawn, accepted and endorsed by businessmen without any consideration. By accepting such a bill a person becomes able to lend his name, and the other party (drawer), taking advantages of his reputation, gets it discounted with his bank.

News: The Daily Financial Express/Bangladesh/11-Sep-12

Southeast Bank Limited shifted its Khulna Branch to Khan Jahan Ali Road, Khulna recently.

Md. Mahbubul Alam, Managing Director of the Bank inaugurated the newly-shifted branch of the Bank, said a press release Monday.

Pritish Kumar Sarker, Executive Vice President and Head of Credit Risk Management, Md. Abdul Naim, Senior Vice President and Head of Khulna branch, Wares-Ul-Matin, Senior Assistant Vice President and Head of Logistics and General Services Division and other head of branches of Khulna Division, high government officials, industrialists, businessmen, customers, educationists were also present at the function.

From now on, modern commercial banking services and credit facility shall be extended more efficiently to the customers from the newly addressed branch.

Besides, the hard-earned money of Bangladeshi expatriates can be handed over speedily to their beneficiaries at a competitive exchange rate from the branch.

News: The Daily Sun/Bangladesh/11-Sep-12

Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited (IBBL), as part of its tree plantation programme under the Rural Development Scheme, recently distributed above 2.5 million trees at different braches across the country. Deputy Commissioner of Joypurhat Ashok Biswas opened the programmed in the district, while Abdur Rahman Banerjee, EVP in Comilla, and Yamun Nahar, Vice Chairman of Banshkhali Upazila at Banshkhali branch.

News: The Daily Sun/Bangladesh/11-Sep-12